Transients in the Synchronization of Oscillator Arrays

The purpose of this note is threefold. First we state a few conjectures that allow us to rigorously derive a theory which is asymptotic in N (the number of agents) that describes transients in large arrays of (identical) linear damped harmonic oscillators in R with completely decentralized nearest neighbor interaction. We then use the theory to establish that in a certain range of the parameters transients grow linearly in the number of agents (and faster outside that range). Finally, in the regime where this linear growth occurs we give the constant of proportionality as a function of the signal velocities (see [3]) in each of the two directions. As corollaries we show that symmetric interactions are far from optimal and that all these results independent of (reasonable) boundary conditions.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Berry Flesh and Skin Ripening Features in Vitis vinifera as Assessed by Transcriptional Profiling

Background Ripening of fleshy fruit is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of tissues with separate functions. During grapevine berry ripening important processes contributing to table and wine grape quality take place, some of them flesh- or skin-specific. In this study, transcriptional profiles throughout flesh and skin ripening were followed during two different seasons in a table grape cultivar ‘Muscat Hamburg’ to determine tissue-specific as well as common developmental programs. Methodology/Principal Findings Using an updated GrapeGen Affymetrix GeneChip® annotation based on grapevine 12×v1 gene predictions, 2188 differentially accumulated transcripts between flesh and skin and 2839 transcripts differentially accumulated throughout ripening in the same manner in both tissues were identified. Transcriptional profiles were dominated by changes at the beginning of veraison which affect both pericarp tissues, although frequently delayed or with lower intensity in the skin than in the flesh. Functional enrichment analysis identified the decay on biosynthetic processes, photosynthesis and transport as a major part of the program delayed in the skin. In addition, a higher number of functional categories, including several related to macromolecule transport and phenylpropanoid and lipid biosynthesis, were over-represented in transcripts accumulated to higher levels in the skin. Functional enrichment also indicated auxin, gibberellins and bHLH transcription factors to take part in the regulation of pre-veraison processes in the pericarp, whereas WRKY and C2H2 family transcription factors seems to more specifically participate in the regulation of skin and flesh ripening, respectively. Conclusions/Significance A transcriptomic analysis indicates that a large part of the ripening program is shared by both pericarp tissues despite some components are delayed in the skin. In addition, important tissue differences are present from early stages prior to the ripening onset including tissue-specific regulators. Altogether, these findings provide key elements to understand berry ripening and its differential regulation in flesh and skin.This study was financially supported by GrapeGen Project funded by Genoma España within a collaborative agreement with Genome Canada. The authors also thank The Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for project BIO2008-03892 and a bilateral collaborative grant with Argentina (AR2009-0021). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Signal Velocity in Oscillator Arrays

We investigate a system of coupled oscillators on the circle, which arises from a simple model for behavior of large numbers of autonomous vehicles. The model considers asymmetric, linear, decentralized dynamics, where the acceleration of each vehicle depends on the relative positions and velocities between itself and a set of local neighbors. We first derive necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability, then derive expressions for the phase velocity of propagation of disturbances in velocity through this system. We show that the high frequencies exhibit damping, which implies existence of well-defined signal velocities c+\u3e0 and c−f(x−c+t) in the direction of increasing agent numbers and f(x−c−t) in the other

El posible perfil enológico de los vinos de la vid silvestre euroasiática antes de su domesticación y la presencia mas antigua de semillas cultivadas en el área de Tartessos.

[ES]: The present paper is focused on five relic wild grapevine populations within Huelva province (SW Europe, Spain) prospected between 2015¿2017. One microvinification was carried out in each population. Data indicate that the ethanol concentration varies between 10.4 and 13.4 v/v. The color intensity is situated between 14.6 and 17.6 and the pH between 3.26¿3.27. These constitute suitable values for red wines under Mediterranean climatology. On the other hand the age of cultivated waterlogged grapevine seeds found in an excavation in the down town of Huelva city, using a radiocarbon procedure, was 2,795 ± 30 years B.P. This antiquity agrees with that calculated according the style of the ceramic rests to contain wine from Sardinian origin accompanying the pips, found in the same archaeological stratum. Tridimensional measures of these pips were compared with other from wild origin in order to establish differences between both groups.[EN]: The present paper is focused on five relic wild grapevine populations within Huelva province (SW Europe, Spain) prospected between 2015–2017. One microvinification was carried out in each population. Data indicate that the ethanol concentration varies between 10.4 and 13.4 v/v. The color intensity is situated between 14.6 and 17.6 and the pH between 3.26–3.27. These constitute suitable values for red wines under Mediterranean climatology. On the other hand the age of cultivated waterlogged grapevine seeds found in an excavation in the down town of Huelva city, using a radiocarbon procedure, was 2,795 ± 30 years B.P. This antiquity agrees with that calculated according the style of the ceramic rests to contain wine from Sardinian origin accompanying the pips, found in the same archaeological stratum. Tridimensional measures of these pips were compared with other from wild origin in order to establish differences between both groups

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis: novel findings in patients studied by next-generation sequencing.

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) is a rare disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in at least three genes (ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, and SLC4A1) involved in urinary distal acidification. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique facilitates the search for mutations in DRTA patients and helps to characterize the genetic and clinical spectrum of the disease. Ten DRTA patients were studied. They had normal serum anion gap (AG), metabolic acidosis with simultaneous positive urinary AG, and inability to maximally acidify the urine. The exons of the three genes were sequenced in two pools by ultrasequencing. Putative mutations were confirmed by corresponding Sanger sequencing of each exon. We found 13 mutations in nine patients. ATP6V0A4: Intron16+2insA; p.R807Q; p.Q276fs; p.P395fs; Intron7-2T>C. ATP6V1B1: p.I386fs; p.R394Q. SLC4A1: p.V245M; p.R589C; p.R589H; p.G609A. One case was a compound heterozygous with a known mutation in ATP6V1B1 (p.G609R) and a pathogenic variation at SLC4A1 (p.E508K). One patient was negative for mutations. This study evidences that NGS is labor and cost effective for the analysis of DRTA genes. Our results show for the first time SLC4A1 gene mutations in Spanish patients and disclose that compound heterozygosity at two different genes can be responsible for DRTA

1,3-Azoles from ortho-naphthoquinones: Synthesis of aryl substituted imidazoles and oxazoles and their potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Twenty-three naphthoimidazoles and six naphthoxazoles were synthesised and evaluated against susceptible and rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among all the compounds evaluated, fourteen presented MIC values in the range of 0.78 to 6.25 mu g/mL against susceptible and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, Five structures were solved by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These substances are promising antimycobacterial prototypes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.National Research Council of Brazil (CNPq)CNPq (National Council of Research of Brazil)CAPESCAPESUFALUFALUFRJUFRJFURGFURGUFMGUFMGPrograma Institucional de Auxilio a Pesquisa de Doutores Recem-Contratados-UFMG [08/2010]Programa Institucional de Auxilio a Pesquisa de Doutores RecemContratadosUFMGUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais [PRPq-12/2011]FAPEMIG [APQ-04166-10]FAPEMI